Machine for compressing, rarefying, and transporting liquid or gaseous fluids



J. BEUDELS 9 3 MACHINE FOR COMPRESSING, RAREFYING AND TRANSPORTING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FLUIDS Filed July 15, 1934 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 2 5a l-Tgl.

Sept. 17, 1935. J. BEUDXQILS 9 9 6 MACHINE FOR COMPRESSING, RAREFY ING AND TRANSPORTING LIQUID OR GASEOUS FLUIDS Filed July 15, 1954 2 Shets-Sheet 2 I 4'1 7 2 P 5 Fig.

'1521O Y K{\ A 7 h k) 8 9 Patented Sept. 17, 1935 aortas MACHINE FOE, COMERESSING, RAREFYING, AND TRANSPORTING LIQUID OR GASEOUS- FLUIDS Jean Eeudels, Gilly, Belgium Application July 13, 1934, Serial No. 735,031

In Belgium July 14, 1933 8 Claims.

The present invention has for its object the construction of a machine for compressing, rarefying and transporting liquid or gaseous fiuids and, in particular, of a volumetric compressor 5 having a high output and small weight and requiring little space as compared with the ordinary piston volumetric compressors. In the following description, a compressor will be particularly dealt with, but it is understood that the 10. word compressor is not restrictive.

The invention relates more particularly to a compressor or pump comprising blades which move with a reciprocating movement one towards the otherin a rotating jacket, the peripheral 15 surface of which is provided with suction and delivery ports at diametrically opposite points and which control suction and delivery channels made in a fixed envelope, the blades changing their direction of movement opposite these ports 20 or openings.

An air compressor of this type is known in which the rotating jacket changes its direction of rotation at the same time as the four blades which it contains. This change of direction of 25 rotation takes place at the moment when the admission and exhaust ports of the rotating jacket have been brought respectively opposite admission and delivery conduits madein a fixed envelope.

30 This compressor has the defect of requiring check valves in the delivery conduits as other- Wise the air from the reservoir would again pass into the rotating jacket at the moment when the latter changes direction. It has also the 3.3. defect of only permitting the admission of the air at the moment when the admission ports are opposite admission conduits, which subjects the blades moving away to an inconvenient depression before the admission and may prevent com-- 40 plate admission ii the running speed is somewhat high. This compressor has, furthermore, the dufect of only giving. a small output when the rate of compression is small. Finally, the dead space between the. blades is comparatively large and 4,5 in consequence of their being four blades.

The present invention obviates these defects.

To this end, in the compressor according tothe invention, the rotating jacket rotates continuously in the same direction, and forms with the 5 fixed envelope a suction chamber and a delivery chamber, the first or" which is in communication with the interior of the rotating jacket for one half revolution by means of one of the openings or ports of this jacket, and of which the second 55 is in communication with the interior of the rotati-n-g jacket during less than half revolution, by means of the other opening made in. the rotating jacket. at the other extremity of the diameter terminating at the first opening.

Compressors are also known in which a rotating jacket which controls the admission and the exhaust rotates continuously in the same direction and contains two blades having a reciproeating movement. But in these compressors the two blades remain at the same angular distance 1 one from the other and move each in a distinct chamber. Furthermore, there is no suction chamber and delivery chamber round the rotating jacket. Finally, the suction and delivery ports, which number four instead of two, are made in one. of the jacket ends instead of being made in the peripheral surface.

Owing to the suction and delivery conduits terminating in fixed surfaces opposite one of the ends of the rotating jacket, it is very difiicult to prevent leakages between these conduits and the use of check valves in the delivery conduits is necessary in practice. The suction and delivery ports are more numerous than with the invention and their dimensions in the peripheral direction must be somewhat small in order not to give rise to a considerable dead space, which causes a high velocity of the air passing the ports. 'Finally, in order to diminish the ratio or" compres sion, it is necessary to enlarge in the peripheral direction the orifices of the delivery conduits, but in this case a tight joint between the suction and delivery conduits becomes still more diflicult to effect. I

Finally, owing to the presence of the mechanism necessary to impart to the blades, the reciprocating movement suitable with respect to the rotating jacket, the weight and space taken up by these compressors is much greater than in the case of the compressor according to the invention.

In order that. the delivery pressure in the delivery conduit may not act uniavourabiy in the blades from the beginning of the compression, it is furthermore provided according to the invention that, the beginning of the delivery chamber should be separated from the termination of the suction chamber by a length equal to many times the width of the ports made in the rotating jacket- The distance between the beginning of the delivery chamber and the termination of the suction chamber may be with. advantage chosen so thatv the pressure created between the blades in the sleeve. is approximately equal to the pressure obtaining in the delivery chamber at the moment when the port ensuring the delivery comes opposite the beginning of the delivery chamber.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the equal and opposite pivoting movements of the adjacent shafts carrying the blades are effected by the fact that these two shafts are provided with gearings of which one engages with one of the racks of a slide block which is movable in a slide integral with the rotating jacket, the said sliding block bearing on a guide arranged eccentrically with regard to the rotating jacket, and by which it is displaced with an alternating movement of translation in its slide during each rotation of the revolving sleeve.

Other details and characteristics of the invention will appear in the course of the description of the drawings annexed to the present specification and which represent diagrammatically and by way of example only one embodiment of the invention.

Figure 1 is a longitudinal section on the line I--I of Figure 3 of the low pressure part of a rotary compressor according to the invention, with two compression stages.

Figure 2 is a similar section of the high pressure side.

Figure 3 is a cross-section on the line IIIIII of Figure 1.

Figure 4 is a section of the line IV-IV of Figure 1.

In these different figures, the same reference signs indicate the same parts.

The rotary compressor shown on the drawings comprises two stages of compression connected in series. These two stages are similar to each other and description will be made of the low pressure stage.

The low pressure stage comprises a fixed casing 2 (Figures 1 and 3) in which is arranged a rotating jacket 3. This jacket is integral with two jacket ends 4 and 5. Packing pieces are provided between these ends and the fixed casing. Between the rotating jacket and the fixed casing 2 two chambers 6 and I are provided, the first of which communicates with a conduit 8, hereafter termed the suction conduit, and the second of which communicates with a conduit 9, hereafter termed the delivery conduit.

The chamber 6 termed the suction chamber extends over almost one half of the periphery of the rotating jacket, while the chamber I,

, termed the delivery chamber, extends in the case shown over about 85.

The sealing of the suction chamber 6 is ensured by packings I and II, while the sealing of the delivery chamber I is ensured by packings I 0 and packings I2, the packings I!) being arranged in a partition I3 which separates these two chambers.

Inside the rotating jacket 3 are arranged blades I4 and I5 provided with packing strips I6 ensuring a good contact with the inner surface of the jacket and with the ends 4 and 5. The two blades I4 and I5 are carried by shafts I! and I8, respectively, which are mounted in the jacket ends 4 and 5 and are consequently carried with these, for example in the direction of the arrow X. The two shafts may furthermore be given equal alternating pivoting movements of contrary sign, for example by means such as will be later described. Inside the jacket 3, there may be seen two enclosures, one of which 3a is located on one side of the blades I4 and I5 and the other of which 3b is located on the other side of these blades. To ensure a tight joint between these enclosures, there are provided joint strips I9 between the shafts I1 and I8 and the block of material which separates 5 them.

The inner wall of the rotating jacket takes the form of two revolving cylinders, the axes of which coincide respectively with the axis of the shaft I1 and with the axis of the shaft I8. 10

Apertures or ports and 2| diametrically opposite, are made in the rotary jacket 3. The port 20 is adapted to place the enclosure 3a in communication with the suction chamber 6 or with the delivery chamber I according to the 15 position of the rotating jacket. In the same way, the port 2I is adapted to place the space 31) in communication with the suction chamber 6 or with the delivery chamber I.

Under these conditions, if the jacket 3 is ro- 2O tated in the direction of the arrow X starting from the position shown in Figure 3, the port 29 which is opposite the partition I3 soon leaves the strips ID to place the suction chamber 6 in communication with the enclosure 3a. This rotation of the jacket 3 and of its ends causes the rotation of the axis of the shafts I1 and I8 under the same conditions. But during this re tation, these shafts pivot about respectively in the direction of the arrow Y and of the arrow 30 Z which has for effect the causing of a suction in the enclosure 3a. and a compression in the enclosure 3b. The pivoting of the shafts I! and I8 is arranged so that the blades I4 and I5 are approximately in contact one with the other when the jacket 3 has rotated by 180, and the port 20 has come opposite strips II. During this rotation of the jacket, the air which filled the enclosure 312 has been compressed in this enclosure between the blades I 4 and I5 until the port or aperture 2I has opened into the delivery chamber I, it has then been forced into this chamber until the moment when the port 2| has come opposite strips or tongues ID. Thus, during a one-half rotation of the jacket, the space 3a. has been filled with air, while the air contained in the space 3b has been compressed and discharged.

The compressor according to the invention is consequently a volumetric compressor with high output, the same as a piston compressor. It has, furthermore, the advantage of not requiring distributing valve members having a reciprocating movement, and of not itself comprising parts carrying out reciprocating movements, which parts are of any considerable weight, for the blades I4 and I5 may be light.

The angle traversed by the rotating jacket 3 from the beginning of the compression up to the moment when the port 2| effects the communication of the space in which compression takes place with the delivery chamber, is about 105 in the case shown. This angle is consequently such that the beginning of the delivery chamber is at a distance from the termination of the suction chamber, by a length equal to many times the width of the ports made in the rotating jacket, This angle is determined in each case so that the pressure in the compression chamber reaches the pressure in the delivery chamber at the moment when the said communication is established. In this way, the back pressure on the blades I4 and I5 is kept lower than the delivery pressure during an important portion of the stroke or course of these blades.

aorarse In order to reduce the dead space between the blades when these are at the end of the stroke, ribs 22 and 23 are provided between the blades at the end of the stroke. These ribs are diametrically opposite each other. They connect the ends and 5 in order to serve as cross stay thereto. In these are arranged strips or tongues I8 ensuring a tight joint to the enclosures 3a and 3b about the shafts I1 and I8.

To effect the equal and opposite pivoting movements of the shafts I7 and I8 during the rotation of the jacket 3, there are keyed on these shafts pinions 24 and 25, respectively, (Figure 4) the first engaging with a rack 26 and the second with a rack 21-, these two racks being made in a slide block 28 arranged in a slide 29 rigidly se-. cured to the rotating jacket 3 through end meme her 5. The axial displacement of the slide block in its slide, on the rotation of the revolving sleeve, is efiected by its contact with a fixedguide 30 through the intermediation of rollers 31. The slide block may, for example, bear with its two extremities on this guide and be'moved by the slide 29 through the intermediary of rollers 32.

The racks 26 and 2'! are arranged on each side of the pinions Z4 and 25 in such manner as to cause these to rotate in opposite directions one to the other. To regulate their movement, these pinions also engage together. This engagement would, furthermore, permit if necessary omitting one of the racks, but in this case the remaining rack as also the pinions engaging with it would have to be stronger.

In order to reduce the width of the slide block and consequently its weight, it is arranged to direct the racks 2E and 2'1! obliquely with respect to the line passing through the axes of the pinions 24 and 25 instead of arranging them perpendicularly to this line. In the case of Figure 4, this angle is about 10. The racks are thus an rected approximately parallel to the above-mentioned line.

The guide 39 on which the slide block shown on the drawings rests by its two extremities, has a theoretical form which may be determined easily by construction of a graph. In practice, the surface of this guide may be constituted by means of two revolving cylinders, the axes of which cut points such as 33, and 34 which are at a short distance from the axis of the slide block at the end of its travel and on perpendiculars to the axis of the slide block passing through the center of the length of the slide block at the end of the stroke.

With the object of carrying out a compression close to an isothermal compression, means are provided to ensure the circulation of a cooling liquid in the various members which may be heated in consequence of the air.

Furthermore, means are provided to lubricate the different moving parts of the compressor.

The means of lubrication and. the means of cooling above mentioned, certain of which are shown on the drawings, are not described because they do not constitute part of the invention claimed. i

The compressor according to the invention may obviously be mounted in series with another compressor in such manner as to produce high delivery pressures. Figure 2 shows a compressor of the same kind as that of Figure 1, for further compressing the air which is delivered by the compressor of Fig. 1. The reference characters of Figure 2 which only difier from the reference characters of Figure 1 by the index indicate the corresponding elements. When two compressors of this kind are mounted in series, the volumes of the jackets are determined as for ordinary machines.

- These two compressors rotate at the same speed and are arranged one on each side of a common support for the guides 3t and 3%. With a view to simplifying the text and the drawings, description will not be made of the ordinary constructive arrangements (members in two parts, ball, roller or needle bearings, construction of the packings, etc.) which, withaviewto facilitate the mounting and to ensure a proper mechanical working, are employed in the compressor according to the invention.

It is evident that the invention is not exclusive. ly restricted to the form of realization shown, and that many modifications may be made in the shape, arrangement and constitution of the members forming part in the embodiment described g without departing from the scope of the present invention. As has already been pointed out, the invention has for its object not only a compressor of gas proper, but also of similar machines such as vacuum pumps, blowers, circulating pumps and motors. Where the machine will be used to move liquids, it would be of course necessary in view of the incompressibility of these, for the delivery to be effected as soon as the blades approach each other.

What I claim is:

1. A machine comprising a rotating jacket, means for revolving said jacket constantly in the same direction, a fixed envelope in which said ro tating jacket revolves, two blades in the rotating jacket, means for oscillating both of said blades towards and away from-each other during the rotation of the rotating jacket, a suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket, a second suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket diametrically opposite to the first port, said ports being so disposed in the rotating jacket that the said blades change their direction of movement opposite the ports, a suction chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of approximately 180, and a delivery chamber in the fixed enveiope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of less than 180, said suction and deliveryports alternately registering with said suction and delivery chambers during rotation of said jacket.

2. A machine comprising a rotating jacket, means for revolving said jacket constantly in the same direction, a fixed envelope in which said rotating jacket revolves, two blades in the rotating jacket, means for oscillating both of said blades towards and away from each other during the rotation of the rotating jacket, a suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket, a second suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket diametrical yopposite tov the first port, said ports being so disposed in the rotating jacket that the said blades change their direction of movement opposite the ports, ribs taking. up the space between the blades at the end of the stroke of the latter, a suction chamber in the f xed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arm of approximately 180, and a delivery chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of less than 130, said suction and delivery ports alternately registering with said suction and delivery chambers during rotation of said jacket.

3. A machine comprising a rotating jacket, means for revolving said jacket constantly in the same direction, a fixed envelope in which said rotating jacket revolves, two blades in the rotating jacket, means for oscillating both of said blades towards and away from each other during the rotation of the rotating jacket, a suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket, a second suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket diametrically opposite to the first port, said ports being so disposed in the rotating jacket that the said blades change their direction of movement opposite the ports, ribs taking up the space between the blades at the end of the stroke of the latter, the said ribs connecting the two ends of the rotating jacket, a suction chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of approximately and a delivery chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of less than 180, said suction and delivery ports alternately registering with said suction and delivery chambers during rotation of said jacket.

4. A machine comprising a rotating jacket, means for revolving said jacket constantly in the same direction, a fixed envelope in which said rotating jacket revolves, two blades in the rotating jacket, shafts carrying said blades, mounted in the ends of the rotating jacket, toothed wheels on said shafts, a slide block having two racks, each of which is in engagement with one or the other of the said toothed Wheels, a slide rigidly attached to the rotating jacket and in which the said slide block is engaged, a guide for said slide block arranged eccentrically with respect to the rotary jacket, said racks and associated slides and guides serving as means for oscillating said blades towards and away from each other during the rotation of the rotating jacket, a suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket, a second suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket diametrically opposite to the first suction port, said ports being so disposed in the rotating packet that the said blades change their direction of movement opposite the ports, a suction chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of approximately 180, and a delivery chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of less than 180, said suction and delivery ports alternately registering with said suction and delivery chambers during rotation of said jacket.

5. A machine comprising a rotating jacket, means for revolving said jacket constantly in the same direction, a fixed envelope in which said rotating jacket revolves, two blades in the rotating jacket, shafts carrying said blades, mounted in the ends of the rotating jacket, toothed wheels on said shafts, a slide block having two racks, each of which is in engagement with one or the other of the said toothed wheels, and each of which is arranged obliquely with respect to a line passing through the axes of the said toothed wheels in such manner as to make an angle of several degrees with said line, a slide integral with the rotating jacket and in which the said slide block is engaged, a guide for said slide block arranged eccentrically with respect to the rotating jacket, said racks and associated mechanism serving as means for oscillating said blades towards and away from each other during the rotation of the rotating jacket, a suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket, a second suction and delivery port in the rotating jacket diametrically opposite to the first port, said ports being so disposed in the rotating jacket that the said blades change their direction of movement opposite the ports, a suction chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of approximately 180", and a delivery chamber in the fixed envelope extending about the rotating jacket through an arc of less than 180, said suc- I tion and delivery parts alternately registering with said suction and delivery chambers during rotation of said jacket.

6. A machine of the character described, comprising a fixed envelope, a jacket rotatably mounted in said envelope, means for rotating said jacket constantly in the same direction, a pair of parallel shafts extending substantially axially through said jacket, a single blade mounted on each shaft and extending radially from its shaft to the inner surface of said jacket, said jacket having diametrically positioned ports, means for oscillating said shafts relative to the jacket for simultaneously moving both of said blades in opposite directions from one port to the other port, and intake and delivery chambers associated with said ports during portions of a revolution of said jacket.

7. A machine of the character described, comprising a fixed envelope, a jacket rotatably mounted in said envelope, means for rotating said jacket constantly in the same direction, a pair of parallel shafts extending substantially axially through said jacket, a single blade mounted on each shaft and extending radially from its shaft to the inner surface of said jacket, said jacket having diametrically positioned ports, means for oscillating said shafts relative to the jacket for simultaneously moving both of said blades in opposite directions from one port to the other port, an intake chamber surrounding the jacket through an arc of approximately 180 so that the port from which the blades are moving is in communication therewith during the travel of the blades to the other port, and a delivery chamber surrounding the jacket through an arc extending from a point less than 180 in advance of that at which the blades reverse their direction of travel to the point of reverse.

8. A machine of the character described, comprising a fixed envelope, a jacket rotatably mounted in said envelope, means for rotating said jacket constantly in the same direction, a pair of parallel shafts extending substantially axially,

through said jacket, a single blade mounted on each shaft and extending radially from its shaft to the inner surface of said jacket, said jacket having diametrically positioned ports, means for oscillating said shafts relative to the jacket for simultaneously moving both of said blades in opposite directions from one port to the other port, an arcuate intake chamber communicating with the port from which the blades move through an arc of approximately 180, and a delivery chamber communicating with the port toward which the blades move through an arc of less than 180.

JEAN BEUDELS. 

